Disability Benefits Explained: SSDI vs SSI

Introduction

If you or a loved one are living with a disability, you may qualify for monthly financial support from the federal government — but many people don’t understand the difference between SSDI and SSI.

These two programs offer disability benefits, but they have very different eligibility rules. Knowing which one applies to your situation can help you get the support you need faster.

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What’s the Difference Between SSDI and SSI?

Both SSDI and SSI are run by the Social Security Administration (SSA), but they serve different people:

SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance):

• For disabled workers who have a qualifying work history
• Based on the number of work credits and disability status
• Monthly benefit varies depending on your past income

SSI (Supplemental Security Income):

• For low-income individuals who are aged, blind, or disabled
• Based on financial need (income and assets)
• Maximum monthly benefit for an individual in 2025 is $943

You can't receive both full SSDI and full SSI at the same time, but some people do qualify for partial benefits from each.

Who Qualifies for SSDI?

To get SSDI, you must:

1. Have a disability expected to last at least one year or result in death
2. Have earned enough work credits (based on your age and job history)
3. Be unable to perform substantial gainful work

SSDI is an insurance program — you "pay into it" by working and paying Social Security taxes.

Who Qualifies for SSI?

To get SSI, you must:

1. Be age 65 or older, blind, or disabled
2. Have very limited income and resources
3. Be a U.S. citizen or qualified immigrant

SSI is a need-based program and does not require a work history.

How to Apply for Disability Benefits

You can apply for both programs:

1. Online at SSA.gov
2. By calling 1-800-772-1213
3. At your local Social Security office

The application will ask for medical records, income info, work history, and proof of disability. It can take 3–6 months (or longer) to get a decision.

If you’re denied, don’t give up — you can appeal and many applicants win benefits on appeal.

People who qualify for SSI often also qualify for Medicaid and SNAP food assistance.

Tips for Applicants

• Document everything: Keep records of doctor visits, test results, and medication
• Start early: Apply as soon as you become unable to work — delays can cost you months of payments
• Get help: Legal aid or disability advocates can assist you if your claim is denied

💡 Tip: Many people wrongly assume they can’t qualify because they “haven’t worked enough” — but SSI exists for those with no work history. Don’t self-reject.

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